Ulune

Chinese cosmology

The phases, the stems and branches, the sixty-cycle, the solar terms and the trigrams: what the three Chinese languages share.

En français

Chinese cosmology is the ground Ulune’s three Chinese languages stand on. Chinese astrology reads the animals of a birth, BaZi its four pillars, Feng Shui a home and its directions; but they read them with the same building blocks, and those blocks are gathered here, each told once for all three.

At the root are the five phases, Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water, and yin and yang: five movements of change and the two sides of every one of them. On them rest the ten Heavenly Stems, which count the days in tens, and the twelve Earthly Branches, which count the months and the hours in twelves and give the twelve animals their places. Paired in turn, stem over branch, they make the sixty pillars of the sixty-cycle that names every year, month, day and double hour of the Chinese calendar, and each pair of pillars has its Na Yin, a sound and an image of its own.

Around them stand the twenty-four solar terms, which divide the Sun’s year and open the solar months, from the Start of Spring to Major Cold; the relations between branches and between stems, harmonies, clashes and the rest, which tell how two pillars meet; the eight trigrams, three lines whole or broken, which give Feng Shui its directions; and a few ideas all three languages use, the stems hidden in each branch, Tai Sui, the ruler of the year, the solar month and the Lo Shu, the magic square of nine.

Every entry gives its name in Chinese, in Traditional and Simplified characters, and in pinyin with its tones, as Ulune’s pages write them; in Settings you choose which characters the pages show, and whether they show the characters and the pinyin at all. The families appear here as they are written, each one whole, the five phases first; where a page names a term still to come, the word stays plain until its page exists.

The five phases

  • Five phasesWood, Fire, Earth, Metal and Water, five ways things grow, peak, turn, gather and rest, at the heart of Chinese cosmology.
  • WoodThe phase of growth and beginnings, of spring and the east: what pushes upwards and outwards towards the light.
  • FireThe phase of warmth, light and full expression, of summer and the south: growth at its height, everything most visible.
  • EarthThe phase of the centre and of every turning point: the ground that steadies, nourishes and gathers the other four together.
  • MetalThe phase of gathering in and giving form, of autumn and the west: the harvest, the clear line, the edge that decides.
  • WaterThe phase of depth, rest and stored strength, of winter and the north: still on the surface, moving underneath, preparing the next spring.

Heavenly Stems

  • Heavenly StemsTen signs, Jia to Gui, that once counted the days in tens and pair each of the five phases with yin and yang: the upper half of every pillar.
  • Jia · Yang WoodThe first Heavenly Stem, yang Wood: the tall tree that grows straight towards the light, the push of a beginning that does not easily bend.
  • Yi · Yin WoodThe second Heavenly Stem, yin Wood: the vine, the grass and the flower, growth that bends, winds round obstacles and finds its way.
  • Bing · Yang FireThe third Heavenly Stem, yang Fire: the sun at noon, warmth and light given to everything alike, open, generous and seen from afar.
  • Ding · Yin FireThe fourth Heavenly Stem, yin Fire: the lamp, the candle and the star, a light that is small and steady and shows the way in the dark.
  • Wu · Yang EarthThe fifth Heavenly Stem, yang Earth: the mountain and the great wall, a steady, solid presence that holds things together and keeps its ground.
  • Ji · Yin EarthThe sixth Heavenly Stem, yin Earth: the field and the garden, soft, moist ground that takes in, nourishes and brings others to fruit.
  • Geng · Yang MetalThe seventh Heavenly Stem, yang Metal: raw ore, the axe and the blade, a strength that cuts, decides and changes what it touches.
  • Xin · Yin MetalThe eighth Heavenly Stem, yin Metal: the jewel, fine metal and polished things, refinement, precision and a value that shows when it is cleaned.
  • Ren · Yang WaterThe ninth Heavenly Stem, yang Water: the sea and the great river, a strength that flows, carries far and keeps moving round every obstacle.
  • Gui · Yin WaterThe tenth and last Heavenly Stem, yin Water: rain, dew and mist, a quiet water that seeps everywhere, nourishes from within and closes the cycle.

Earthly Branches

  • Earthly BranchesTwelve signs, Zi to Hai, that count the months, the double hours, the directions and the years, each with its animal: the lower half of every pillar.
  • Zi · RatThe first Earthly Branch, yang Water: the Rat, the north, midwinter and midnight, the moment when the year’s new life first stirs underground.
  • Chou · OxThe second Earthly Branch, yin Earth: the Ox, the last month of winter and the small hours, frozen ground that keeps the seed safe until spring.
  • Yin · TigerThe third Earthly Branch, yang Wood: the Tiger, the first month of spring and the hour before dawn, the year’s new growth drawn out into the open.
  • Mao · RabbitThe fourth Earthly Branch, yin Wood: the Rabbit, the east, sunrise and the heart of spring, when growth breaks through the soil as through an open gate.
  • Chen · DragonThe fifth Earthly Branch, yang Earth: the Dragon, the last month of spring and the morning, moist ground shaken by thunder that stores the Water of the year.
  • Si · SnakeThe sixth Earthly Branch, yin Fire: the Snake, the first month of summer and the late morning, when yang has fully come out and warmth gathers.
  • Wu · HorseThe seventh Earthly Branch, yang Fire: the Horse, the south, noon and midsummer, the height of yang and the moment yin is born again.
  • Wei · GoatThe eighth Earthly Branch, yin Earth: the Goat, the last month of summer and the early afternoon, warm dry ground where fruit gains its flavour.
  • Shen · MonkeyThe ninth Earthly Branch, yang Metal: the Monkey, the first month of autumn and the late afternoon, when the harvest begins and things grow firm.
  • You · RoosterThe tenth Earthly Branch, yin Metal: the Rooster, the west, sunset and the heart of autumn, when the harvest is in and the grain ripe for wine.
  • Xu · DogThe eleventh Earthly Branch, yang Earth: the Dog, the last month of autumn and the evening, dry ground that keeps the year’s Fire as yang goes home.
  • Hai · PigThe twelfth and last Earthly Branch, yin Water: the Pig, the start of winter and the late evening, roots resting in the dark until the year begins again.

Solar terms

  • Solar termsThe twenty-four points of the Sun’s year, one every 15°, from the Start of Spring to Major Cold: the calendar of the seasons that sets the Chinese months.
  • Start of SpringThe first solar term, the Sun at 315° about 4 February: spring begins in the Chinese year, and with it the Tiger month and the year of the Four Pillars.
  • Rain WaterThe second solar term, the Sun at 330° about 19 February: snow turns to rain and the ground thaws, in the middle of the Tiger month.
  • Awakening of InsectsThe third solar term, the Sun at 345° about 6 March: spring thunder wakes the creatures that slept through winter, and the Rabbit month begins.
  • Spring EquinoxThe fourth solar term, the Sun at 0° about 21 March: day and night are equal, and spring is divided in half, in the middle of the Rabbit month.
  • Clear and BrightThe fifth solar term, the Sun at 15° about 5 April: clear air and new green, the day families tend their ancestors’ graves, and the start of the Dragon month.
  • Grain RainThe sixth solar term, the Sun at 30° about 20 April: the rain that grows the sown grain, the last term of spring, in the middle of the Dragon month.
  • Start of SummerThe seventh solar term, the Sun at 45° about 6 May: summer begins in the Chinese year, the wheat heads, and the Snake month opens.
  • Grain BudsThe eighth solar term, the Sun at 60° about 21 May: the grain swells but is not yet full, in the middle of the Snake month, a lesson in moderation.
  • Grain in EarThe ninth solar term, the Sun at 75° about 6 June: the awned grain is cut and the rice is sown, the busiest days of the farming year, and the Horse month opens.
  • Summer SolsticeThe tenth solar term, the Sun at 90° about 21 June: the longest day, the height of yang in which yin is born, in the middle of the Horse month.
  • Minor HeatThe eleventh solar term, the Sun at 105° about 7 July: the heat sets in, the dog days begin, and the Goat month opens.
  • Major HeatThe twelfth solar term, the Sun at 120° about 23 July: the hottest weeks of the year, heavy rains and fireflies, in the middle of the Goat month.
  • Start of AutumnThe thirteenth solar term, the Sun at 135° about 8 August: autumn begins in the Chinese year while the heat lingers, and the Monkey month opens.
  • End of HeatThe fourteenth solar term, the Sun at 150° about 23 August: the heat withdraws, the evenings cool and the grain ripens, in the middle of the Monkey month.
  • White DewThe fifteenth solar term, the Sun at 165° about 8 September: the nights are cool enough for white dew, the geese return, and the Rooster month opens.
  • Autumn EquinoxThe sixteenth solar term, the Sun at 180° about 23 September: day and night are equal again and autumn is divided in half, in the middle of the Rooster month.
  • Cold DewThe seventeenth solar term, the Sun at 195° about 8 October: the dew grows cold, the chrysanthemums open, and the Dog month begins.
  • Frost’s DescentThe eighteenth solar term, the Sun at 210° about 23 October: the first frosts, the falling leaves, the last term of autumn, in the middle of the Dog month.
  • Start of WinterThe nineteenth solar term, the Sun at 225° about 7 November: winter begins in the Chinese year, the harvest is stored, and the Pig month opens.
  • Minor SnowThe twentieth solar term, the Sun at 240° about 22 November: the first light snows of the north, heaven and earth closing, in the middle of the Pig month.
  • Major SnowThe twenty-first solar term, the Sun at 255° about 7 December: heavy snow in the north, the deep of winter, and the Rat month opens.
  • Winter SolsticeThe twenty-second solar term, the Sun at 270° about 22 December: the longest night, the height of yin in which yang is reborn, in the middle of the Rat month.
  • Minor ColdThe twenty-third solar term, the Sun at 285° about 6 January: the coldest days, the first flower winds, and the Ox month, the last of the solar year.
  • Major ColdThe last of the solar terms, the Sun at 300° about 20 January: the deep cold of the year’s end, in the middle of the Ox month, as the New Year draws near.

Relations

  • RelationsHow two branches or two stems meet: the harmonies, trines and trios that bring them together, the clashes, harms, punishments and destructions that rub.
  • HarmonyThe six pairs of branches that hold each other like a couple, the Rat and the Ox, the Horse and the Goat: the closest of the relations, each with its phase.
  • TrineThree branches four places apart, a phase’s birth, peak and storehouse, making that phase together: the zodiac’s allies, a triangle on the wheel.
  • Half trineTwo branches of a trine, one of them its peak, that lean towards its phase without making it: a partial alliance, a direction the chart tends towards.
  • Seasonal trioThe three branches of one season, one direction and one phase, Yin, Mao and Chen for spring and the east: the strongest of the branches’ combinations.
  • ClashTwo opposite branches, six places apart, such as the Rat and the Horse: movement, change and a shake-up that can clear the way, read as a push, not a verdict.
  • HarmSix pairs of branches in which one spoils the other’s harmony: a quieter friction, misunderstandings rather than open conflict, worth naming to dissolve.
  • PunishmentThree groups of branches that press on one another, Yin, Si and Shen, Chou, Xu and Wei, Zi and Mao: a tension that tests, friction that teaches.
  • Self-punishmentThe Dragon, the Horse, the Rooster and the Pig meeting themselves: too much of one quality, a habit turned back on itself, and an invitation to balance it.
  • DestructionSix pairs of branches a quarter of the circle apart that loosen what each holds: plans to mend, a bond that asks for care, the mildest of the tensions.
  • Stem combinationThe five pairs of Heavenly Stems drawn to each other, Jia and Ji, Yi and Geng: two stems that bind and, when everything allows it, become a new phase.
  • Stem clashFour pairs of Heavenly Stems of opposite phases and directions, such as Jia and Geng, the tree and the axe: a tension that sets things moving.

Trigrams

  • TrigramsThe eight figures of three lines, whole or broken, from which the Book of Changes builds its hexagrams and Feng Shui its eight directions.
  • Kan · WaterWater, a whole line held between two broken ones: the middle son, the north and midwinter, depth and the courage to flow on; the trigram of Kua 1.
  • Kun · EarthEarth, three broken lines: the mother, the south-west at the end of summer, receptivity, care and patience; the trigram of Kua 2, and of a yang Kua 5.
  • Zhen · ThunderThunder, a whole line below two broken ones: the eldest son, the east and spring, the first movement that wakes things up; the trigram of Kua 3.
  • Xun · WindWind, a broken line below two whole ones: the eldest daughter, the south-east at the start of summer, gentleness that reaches everywhere; the trigram of Kua 4.
  • Qian · HeavenHeaven, three whole lines: the father, the north-west at the start of winter, creative strength and a clear purpose; the trigram of Kua 6.
  • Dui · LakeThe lake, a broken line above two whole ones: the youngest daughter, the west and mid-autumn, joy, conversation and openness; the trigram of Kua 7.
  • Gen · MountainThe mountain, a whole line over two broken ones: the youngest son, the north-east as winter turns to spring, stillness and knowing when to stop; Kua 8.
  • Li · FireFire, a broken line between two whole ones: the middle daughter, the south at midsummer, brightness and warmth; Kua 9, and the home of Period 9’s star.

Key ideas

  • Hidden stemsThe one to three Heavenly Stems each Earthly Branch holds inside it, a main one and its companions: what a branch is made of, as BaZi reads it.
  • Tai SuiThe year’s ruler: the branch of the year, once Jupiter’s mirror, which every animal meets in its own way and Feng Shui places on the compass.
  • Solar monthThe month of the solar terms, from one opening term to the next, twelve to a year: the month BaZi, Feng Shui and the animals count by, not the lunar one.
  • Lo ShuThe magic square of three, 4 9 2, 3 5 7, 8 1 6, every line making fifteen: the map of the nine palaces on which Feng Shui’s numbers and stars move.

The sixty pillars

  • Sixty-cycleThe sixty pairs of a Heavenly Stem and an Earthly Branch, from Jia Zi to Gui Hai, that name China’s years, months, days and hours: the pillars of BaZi.
  • Jia Zi · Yang Wood RatJia Zi, the Yang Wood Rat, first of the sixty: a tall tree over winter water, a beginning fed from below before it shows.
  • Yi Chou · Yin Wood OxYi Chou, the Yin Wood Ox: the vine on frozen ground, supple life holding on through the last of winter and waiting for the thaw.
  • Bing Yin · Yang Fire TigerBing Yin, the Yang Fire Tiger: the sun rising over the first wood of spring, fire at its birth, warm, bold and fed by what it stands on.
  • Ding Mao · Yin Fire RabbitDing Mao, the Yin Fire Rabbit: a lamp lit from spring wood, a small, steady flame kept by a gentle hand.
  • Wu Chen · Yang Earth DragonWu Chen, the Yang Earth Dragon: the mountain over the damp earth of late spring, a stem on its own phase, solid and patient.
  • Ji Si · Yin Earth SnakeJi Si, the Yin Earth Snake: the field warmed by the early summer sun, fertile ground at its fullest, careful and quietly productive.
  • Geng Wu · Yang Metal HorseGeng Wu, the Yang Metal Horse: ore in the summer forge, a strong will shaped by heat, decisive and quick to act.
  • Xin Wei · Yin Metal GoatXin Wei, the Yin Metal Goat: the jewel in warm summer earth, a fine core protected by soft ground.
  • Ren Shen · Yang Water MonkeyRen Shen, the Yang Water Monkey: the river born from autumn metal, a quick, far-ranging mind with a strong source.
  • Gui You · Yin Water RoosterGui You, the Yin Water Rooster: autumn dew on bright metal, a clear, discreet mind fed by precise ground.
  • Jia Xu · Yang Wood DogJia Xu, the Yang Wood Dog: a tall tree on the dry autumn hill, upright and loyal, opening the cycle’s second week.
  • Yi Hai · Yin Wood PigYi Hai, the Yin Wood Pig: the vine fed by early winter water, gentle, sociable and well nourished.
  • Bing Zi · Yang Fire RatBing Zi, the Yang Fire Rat: the sun over midwinter water, light on a dark surface, bold and quick in a cold season.
  • Ding Chou · Yin Fire OxDing Chou, the Yin Fire Ox: a lamp in the barn at the end of winter, steady warmth given to patient work.
  • Wu Yin · Yang Earth TigerWu Yin, the Yang Earth Tiger: the mountain under the spring forest, solid ground that wakes and turns green.
  • Ji Mao · Yin Earth RabbitJi Mao, the Yin Earth Rabbit: a garden in mid-spring, soft soil full of young shoots, gentle and giving.
  • Geng Chen · Yang Metal DragonGeng Chen, the Yang Metal Dragon: ore in the Dragon’s moist earth, strength fed by its ground, principled and tireless.
  • Xin Si · Yin Metal SnakeXin Si, the Yin Metal Snake: the jewel in early summer fire, a fine metal refined by heat, clear-minded and self-reliant.
  • Ren Wu · Yang Water HorseRen Wu, the Yang Water Horse: a river crossing the midsummer heat, quick, adaptable and drawn to movement.
  • Gui Wei · Yin Water GoatGui Wei, the Yin Water Goat: summer rain on warm earth, gentle and intuitive, a care that works quietly.
  • Jia Shen · Yang Wood MonkeyJia Shen, the Yang Wood Monkey: a tall tree in the early autumn wind, growth meeting the blade, inventive and resilient.
  • Yi You · Yin Wood RoosterYi You, the Yin Wood Rooster: a flower in mid-autumn, delicate growth in a season of sharp metal, conscientious and fine.
  • Bing Xu · Yang Fire DogBing Xu, the Yang Fire Dog: the sun setting over the autumn hills, warmth stored in dry ground, loyal and energetic.
  • Ding Hai · Yin Fire PigDing Hai, the Yin Fire Pig: a lamp beside winter water, a small brave flame whose branch also holds the wood that feeds it.
  • Wu Zi · Yang Earth RatWu Zi, the Yang Earth Rat: the mountain over midwinter water, a dam that holds its reserves, prudent and practical.
  • Ji Chou · Yin Earth OxJi Chou, the Yin Earth Ox: a field on frozen ground, Earth twice over, calm, methodical and full of quiet reserves.
  • Geng Yin · Yang Metal TigerGeng Yin, the Yang Metal Tiger: the axe in the spring forest, a strong will facing a season of growth, direct and confident.
  • Xin Mao · Yin Metal RabbitXin Mao, the Yin Metal Rabbit: the fine blade among spring shoots, precise and discerning, ambitious in its quiet way.
  • Ren Chen · Yang Water DragonRen Chen, the Yang Water Dragon: the great river entering its reservoir, power held in its banks, calm, wise and far-reaching.
  • Gui Si · Yin Water SnakeGui Si, the Yin Water Snake: dew in the early summer heat, a subtle water among fire, perceptive and deep.
  • Jia Wu · Yang Wood HorseJia Wu, the Yang Wood Horse: a tall tree in midsummer fire, generous growth that feeds the blaze, open and friendly.
  • Yi Wei · Yin Wood GoatYi Wei, the Yin Wood Goat: the vine on warm late-summer earth that keeps a root for it, kind and generous.
  • Bing Shen · Yang Fire MonkeyBing Shen, the Yang Fire Monkey: the sun on autumn metal, bright and inventive, a fire that loves a challenge.
  • Ding You · Yin Fire RoosterDing You, the Yin Fire Rooster: the lamp over polished metal, a flame that makes the jewel shine, vivid and exacting.
  • Wu Xu · Yang Earth DogWu Xu, the Yang Earth Dog: the mountain on the dry autumn hill, Earth twice over, steady, faithful and patient with long work.
  • Ji Hai · Yin Earth PigJi Hai, the Yin Earth Pig: garden soil by winter water, a soft bank around a pool, kind, patient and comfortable.
  • Geng Zi · Yang Metal RatGeng Zi, the Yang Metal Rat: cold ore over midwinter water, sharp, clear and determined, a strength that flows into its branch.
  • Xin Chou · Yin Metal OxXin Chou, the Yin Metal Ox: the jewel in frozen earth, fine metal held in its storehouse, principled and unshakable.
  • Ren Yin · Yang Water TigerRen Yin, the Yang Water Tiger: spring rivers feeding the forest, intuitive and generous, calm under pressure.
  • Gui Mao · Yin Water RabbitGui Mao, the Yin Water Rabbit: spring rain on young leaves, gentle, empathic and life-giving.
  • Jia Chen · Yang Wood DragonJia Chen, the Yang Wood Dragon: a tall tree in the moist earth of late spring, creative and generous, rooted in deep reserves.
  • Yi Si · Yin Wood SnakeYi Si, the Yin Wood Snake: a flower in early summer heat, refined, thoughtful and drawn to beauty.
  • Bing Wu · Yang Fire HorseBing Wu, the Yang Fire Horse: the sun at midsummer, Fire twice over, brilliant, independent and full of drive.
  • Ding Wei · Yin Fire GoatDing Wei, the Yin Fire Goat: a lamp in the warm late-summer evening, creative, expressive and caring.
  • Wu Shen · Yang Earth MonkeyWu Shen, the Yang Earth Monkey: the mountain rich in ore, solid ground that yields its metal, clever and reliable.
  • Ji You · Yin Earth RoosterJi You, the Yin Earth Rooster: the field yielding fine metal in mid-autumn, thorough, precise and practical.
  • Geng Xu · Yang Metal DogGeng Xu, the Yang Metal Dog: the axe on the dry autumn hill, principled, brave and unbending.
  • Xin Hai · Yin Metal PigXin Hai, the Yin Metal Pig: the jewel washed in winter water, shining clean, sincere and outspoken.
  • Ren Zi · Yang Water RatRen Zi, the Yang Water Rat: the great river at midwinter, Water twice over, deep, perceptive and far-reaching.
  • Gui Chou · Yin Water OxGui Chou, the Yin Water Ox: rain on the frozen field, quiet persistence, patient and thoughtful.
  • Jia Yin · Yang Wood TigerJia Yin, the Yang Wood Tiger: the tall tree in the forest of early spring, Wood on its own ground, open, warm and inventive.
  • Yi Mao · Yin Wood RabbitYi Mao, the Yin Wood Rabbit: flowers in the green of mid-spring, Wood on its own ground, kind and gentle.
  • Bing Chen · Yang Fire DragonBing Chen, the Yang Fire Dragon: the sun warming the moist spring earth, ardent, ambitious and generous.
  • Ding Si · Yin Fire SnakeDing Si, the Yin Fire Snake: a lamp in the early summer sun, Fire twice over, intense, magnetic and persuasive.
  • Wu Wu · Yang Earth HorseWu Wu, the Yang Earth Horse: the mountain in the midsummer heat, solid earth at its strongest, steady and kind.
  • Ji Wei · Yin Earth GoatJi Wei, the Yin Earth Goat: a field on warm late-summer earth, Earth twice over, sincere, careful and homely.
  • Geng Shen · Yang Metal MonkeyGeng Shen, the Yang Metal Monkey: ore in the metal of early autumn, Metal on its own ground, skilled, sharp and self-assured.
  • Xin You · Yin Metal RoosterXin You, the Yin Metal Rooster: the jewel in the bright metal of mid-autumn, Metal on its own ground, exacting and honest.
  • Ren Xu · Yang Water DogRen Xu, the Yang Water Dog: a river meeting the dry autumn hills, understanding, kind and loyal.
  • Gui Hai · Yin Water PigGui Hai, the Yin Water Pig, last of the sixty: rain over the winter sea, gentle, intuitive and open, the cycle’s close.

Na Yin

  • Na YinThirty images, each given to two pillars of the sixty-cycle in a row, each with its phase: an older layer, heard beside a pillar’s stem and branch.
  • Metal in the seaMetal in the sea, the Na Yin of Jia Zi and Yi Chou: gold at the bottom of the sea, a value that waits to be brought up.
  • Fire in the furnaceFire in the furnace, the Na Yin of Bing Yin and Ding Mao: fire at work within walls, heat that forges and transforms.
  • Wood of the great forestWood of the great forest, the Na Yin of Wu Chen and Ji Si: many trees together, a wood that shelters, broad and lasting.
  • Earth by the roadsideEarth by the roadside, the Na Yin of Geng Wu and Xin Wei: humble, useful ground that everyone passes and that feeds the fields.
  • Metal of the sword’s edgeMetal of the sword’s edge, the Na Yin of Ren Shen and Gui You: metal at its sharpest, decisive and honed.
  • Fire on the mountain topFire on the mountain top, the Na Yin of Jia Xu and Yi Hai: a beacon on the summit, a light seen from far away at dusk.
  • Water in the ravineWater in the ravine, the Na Yin of Bing Zi and Ding Chou: the mountain stream in its gully, clear, quick and finding its way.
  • Earth on the city wallEarth on the city wall, the Na Yin of Wu Yin and Ji Mao: earth raised into ramparts, high, firm and protective.
  • Metal of white waxMetal of white wax, the Na Yin of Geng Chen and Xin Si: metal still pale and soft as wax, at the start of its making.
  • Willow woodWillow wood, the Na Yin of Ren Wu and Gui Wei: the willow by the water, supple and graceful, bending without breaking.
  • Water from the springWater from the spring, the Na Yin of Jia Shen and Yi You: water rising pure from its source, small at first and unfailing.
  • Earth on the roofEarth on the roof, the Na Yin of Bing Xu and Ding Hai: earth baked into tiles, shelter over a household.
  • Fire of the thunderboltFire of the thunderbolt, the Na Yin of Wu Zi and Ji Chou: the lightning flash in a winter storm, sudden, brilliant and swift.
  • Pine and cypress woodPine and cypress wood, the Na Yin of Geng Yin and Xin Mao: evergreens that stay green through winter, upright and enduring.
  • Long-flowing waterLong-flowing water, the Na Yin of Ren Chen and Gui Si: the great river that never stops, persistent and far-reaching.
  • Metal in the sandMetal in the sand, the Na Yin of Jia Wu and Yi Wei: gold dust in the river sand, value to be gathered with patience.
  • Fire at the foot of the mountainFire at the foot of the mountain, the Na Yin of Bing Shen and Ding You: the evening sun in the valley, a warmth close to the ground.
  • Wood of the plainWood of the plain, the Na Yin of Wu Xu and Ji Hai: young trees in open country, growth that needs room and care.
  • Earth on the wallEarth on the wall, the Na Yin of Geng Zi and Xin Chou: earth made into plaster, a fine, useful surface sheltering a home.
  • Gold leaf metalGold leaf metal, the Na Yin of Ren Yin and Gui Mao: gold beaten thin and bright, precious and decorative, needing a support.
  • Fire of the lampFire of the lamp, the Na Yin of Jia Chen and Yi Si: a flame under its shade, a small steady light for the night and for study.
  • Water of the Milky WayWater of the Milky Way, the Na Yin of Bing Wu and Ding Wei: the river of heaven, rain from above that nourishes everything.
  • Earth of the great roadEarth of the great road, the Na Yin of Wu Shen and Ji You: the post road linking distant places, broad, open and well travelled.
  • Metal of hairpins and braceletsMetal of hairpins and bracelets, the Na Yin of Geng Xu and Xin Hai: metal made into jewellery, refined and made to adorn.
  • Mulberry woodMulberry wood, the Na Yin of Ren Zi and Gui Chou: the mulberry whose leaves feed silkworms, a modest wood that sustains others’ work.
  • Water of the great streamWater of the great stream, the Na Yin of Jia Yin and Yi Mao: a broad spring stream through the valley, lively and gathering.
  • Earth in the sandEarth in the sand, the Na Yin of Bing Chen and Ding Si: light, sandy ground, shifting yet fertile where water reaches it.
  • Fire in the skyFire in the sky, the Na Yin of Wu Wu and Ji Wei: the sun, the fire of heaven, light and warmth over everything at midsummer.
  • Pomegranate woodPomegranate wood, the Na Yin of Geng Shen and Xin You: the tree that fruits in autumn, heavy with seeds, abundance in a metal season.
  • Water of the great seaWater of the great sea, the Na Yin of Ren Xu and Gui Hai: the ocean that receives every river, vast, deep and all-embracing.

Sources

  • Book of Documents (Shujing), “The Great Plan” (Hongfan), Warring States period
  • Liu An (ed.), Huainanzi, 139 BC
  • Xiao Ji, Wuxing Dayi, c. 600
  • Joseph Needham, Science and Civilisation in China, vol. 3, 1959